מימי מפרץ אילת מתחממים בקצב מהיר

[מגיש החדשות]

מדידת טמפרטורת מי המפרץ בין השנים 1988 עד 2008 הניבה תגלית מדאיגה: התחממות המים באילת 'דוהרת' בהשוואה לקצב ההתחממות העולמי. "אין לנו הסבר לתופעה", מודה פרופ' אמציה גנין, האחראי למדידה, "אך היא עלולה להכחיד מיני חיות רבים"

ההתחממות הגלובלית , כך נדמה, עדיין נתפסת כתופעה שהשלכותיה יורגשו רק בעוד עשרות שנים. אולם בפועל, מדענים ברחבי העולם כבר מזהים את השלכותיה במקומות שונים, אחד מהם הוא מפרץ אילת. לאחרונה, בתום סיכום מדידות טמפרטורת מי הים האדום שבוצעו ב-20 השנים האחרונות, התברר כי קצב התחממות מימי מפרץ אילת מהיר בהרבה מקצב ההתחממות הממוצע של מקורות המים בעולם. בעוד קצב ההתחממות העולמי עומד על כ-0.006 מעלות בשנה, הרי שבמפרץ אילת מדובר על כ-0.04 מעלות בשנה.

לתגלית המפתיעה שותף פרופ' אמציה גנין, אקולוג ימי וחבר המכון הבין-אוניברסיטאי למדעי הים באילת והמכון למדעי החיים באונ' העברית. בשנת 1988 הוא החל למדוד את טמפרטורת המים במפרץ אילת מדי יום ועתה, לאחר 20 שנות מדידה, הוא מפרסם עם צוותו את מסקנותיו: קצב שינוי הטמפרטורה של המים האילתיים 'דוהר' ביחס לקצב העולמי הממוצע. "מדובר בהבדל רציני", מוסר גנין.

כך למשל, בשנת 1988 עמדה טמפרטורת השיא במפרץ על 26.9 מעלות צלזיוס. בקיץ האחרון, לעומת זאת, כבר נמדדה במזח האילתי טמפרטורת שיא של 28.8 מעלות - הבדל של כמעט שתי מעלות תמימות. "בקצב הזה",

מדגיש גנין, "בעוד כ-20 שנה בלבד צפויה טמפרטורת השיא של המים באילת לעמוד על כמעט 31 מעלות".

לדברי גנין, המשמעות המידית של ההתחממות המואצת נוגעת בעיקר לאוכלוסיית בעלי-החיים. "הרוחצים לא יחושו בהבדל", הוא מעיד, ומוסיף כי התחממות הימים והאגמים משפיעה לא רק על תנאי המחיה של בעלי-החיים, אלא אף גורמת להכחדת מינים רבים. אחת התופעות המוכרות בעולם היא 'הלבנת' שוניות אלמוגים, זאת בשל פגיעה בפיגמנטים המצויים בגוף האלמוג וכתוצאה מכך גם ביכולת ההישרדות שלו. "בעניין הזה דווקא יש לנו מזל", מרגיע גנין, "שכן בחורף טמפרטורת המים במפרץ אילת נמוכה יחסית. האיזון הזה, בין ההתחממות המהירה והקור, דווקא מונע את הלבנת האלמוגים".

השאלה המסקרנת מכל - הסיבה לקצב ההתחממות החריג - נותרת לפי שעה בלתי פתורה. "עדיין איננו יודעים מה גורם לכך", מודה גנין. בכדי לפענח את סיבת ההתחממות, פועלים בשיתוף אקולוגים ימיים ממפרץ אילת ופיזיקאים ממכון ויצמן, בהם האוקיינוגרף ד"ר חזי גילדור. "שיתוף הפעולה יכול לסייע לנו להבין את התופעה, אך לא נוכל להתמודד עימה באופן נקודתי", הוא מציין. "לשם כך, בני האדם יצטרכו לפעול להפחתת פליטת גזי החממה ולהקטנת נזקי ההתחממות".

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